While officials say the deal is not yet final, observers are split over whether the concessions mark a pragmatic step towards attracting investment or a risky erosion of digital sovereignty and economic self-reliance.
Under the agreement, Indonesia conceded on several grounds, including allowing US companies to transfer personal data of Indonesian citizens out of its territory, as well as exempting US companies and originating goods from local content requirements, among others.
“Indonesia will provide certainty regarding the ability to move personal data out of its territory to the United States through recognition of the United States as a country or jurisdiction that provides adequate data protection under Indonesia’s law. American companies have sought these reforms for years,” Washington said in a fact sheet issued on July 22 alongside the agreement.